Mary Queen of Viet Nam Church, New Orleans East (Photo: D. Guggenheim)

One of the hardest-hit communities by Hurricane Katrina and the BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill is again demonstrating its exceptional determination not only to survive, but to breathe new economic life into its community while establishing itself as a visionary leader in green business and technology. And all the while, the community continues to strengthen its cultural heritage. Its vision: The Viet Village Urban Farm Sustainable Aquaculture Park, a project that will bring green jobs and a vibrant business model to the region while offering a sustainable alternative to fishing wild stocks and environmentally unfriendly forms of fish farming/aquaculture.

New Orleans East (NOE) is a largely Vietnamese-American community located in the wetlands of Louisiana approximately 10 miles from downtown New Orleans. NOE families lost their homes, their jobs and indeed, their entire community support system following Hurricane Katrina and the needs among NOE communities remain significant. Five years after the storm, many homes remain vacant and more than 40 percent of NOE’s residents never returned. The Village de l’Est neighborhood in NOE is a community comprised of Vietnamese Americans (about 58 percent), African Americans (34 percent), Latino Americans (7 percent), and non-Hispanic Whites (less than 1 percent). This is a particularly vulnerable population, as 26 percent of the population lives below the poverty level and 40.6 percent are renters of temporary housing. Nearly 90% of Village de l’Est residents have returned to the community following Hurricane Katrina.

Many homes in New Orleans East remain abandoned 5 years after Hurricane Katrina (Photo: D. Guggenheim)

The timing of the BP oil spill disaster has been devastating to the this community as it is still tenuously recovering from the impacts of Katrina. In addition, the announced closures of the NASA Assembly plant in NOE and the Avondale Shipyard in south Louisiana, and the ongoing moratorium on deepwater drilling have had significant impacts on employment.

The Uncertain Future of Fishing in the Gulf

One of many Vietnamese-American-owned fishing boats sits idle in Buras, Louisiana (Photo: D. Guggenheim)

There are 40,000 Vietnamese living and working in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, and one in three work in the seafood industry. Vietnamese and Southeast Asian fisherman make up one-third of all shrimping vessels in the Gulf Coast. Many also work catching oysters, crabs and packaging seafood. The closure of nearly one-third of federal waters to fishing in the Gulf of Mexico due to the BP oil spill disaster has already had a devastating economic impact on the New Orleans East fishing and seafood services communities. Even as fishing closures are lifted, there is growing concern that the unprecedented level of use of dispersants in the Gulf has resulted in a massive infiltration of toxic substances into the marine food chain. The safety of seafood in the Gulf of Mexico may remain in question for many years, and the viability of the region’s seafood industry is now in question. In addition, oil and dispersants have directly killed numerous fish and other species and may have increased the size of the anoxic “dead zone” in the Gulf. Thus, even if claims that chemicals in dispersants do not constitute a threat to seafood safety are true, impacts to the Gulf’s productivity may have long-lasting consequences to commercial fishing.

Viet Village Urban Farm

Under the leadership of the MQVN Community Development Corporation (MQVN CDC), a community-driven plan was developed for an innovative urban farm. The Viet Village Urban Farm was designed to improve local food system sustainability while increasing economic opportunities for community members and providing a culturally rich community space. Intended impacts include those on engagement of a traditionally underserved community, economic opportunities, community health, cross-generational interactions, cultural traditions, and protection of natural resources. Objectives include:

• Establishing community and commercial garden plots, farmers’ market, animal husbandry, and composting area
• Meeting current demand and expanding new economic markets for small and mid-sized local growers (local chefs, charter school food service providers, local convenient stores)
• Engaging and educating local school youth and community members in animal husbandry, sustainable agriculture, and wetlands habitats.

Key benefits of the project are to:

• create local infrastructure while enhancing the degraded environment with rich soils and plants;
• create green jobs and economic growth;
• expand the economic impact of the existing farmers’ market;
• support the cultural traditions of our African American, Latino, and Vietnamese community;
• improve local food security and nutritional health;
• and be supported by a network of green infrastructure.

Landscape architect’s rendering of the Viet Village Urban Farm, a 28-acre agriculture project that will build on the community's cultural strengths – generations of experience in farming and fishing – and create new green jobs and businesses while maintaining organic practices and the highest standards of sustainability (Source: Spackman, Mossop+Michaels)

Growing Seafood — On Land

Next-generation fish farm in Malaysia (exterior). The facility recirculates 99% of its water, uses no chemicals or antibiotics and nitrogen waste supports a hydroponic vegetable farm (Photo: D. Guggenheim)

There is increasing recognition that sustainable aquaculture can play a key role in the transition toward safer, more environmentally and economically sustainable seafood production, offering a viable, safe and sustainable alternative to fishing wild stocks and one that can bring strong economic benefits. (See: Rebuilding the Gulf’s Shattered Fishing Industry – On Land). Land-based, next-generation recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) offer a unique combination of conservation achievements, socioeconomic benefits, and potential for scalability. Such technology could lead the way toward a revolutionary transition of fish production. A land-based, sustainable aquaculture industry for NOE is envisioned as a component of the community’s proposed Viet Village Urban Farm project and as such, represents an investment in a long-term, profitable, sustainable and green-job-creating industry with significant environmental benefits. In addition, because RAS technology remains under-commercialized in the United States, the Viet Village Urban Farm Sustainable Aquaculture Park has the opportunity to serve as a national aquaculture hub and training center, as a showcase not only of next-generation aquaculture technology, but also of the business model and community-level benefits.

As part of the comprehensive revitalization movement for sustainability and resiliency in Village de l’Est, Viet Village Urban Farm will be an intensively used productive landscape that will include a major produce market, commercial agriculture, and community gardens. These key functions will be supported by a network of green infrastructure and a range of community facilities that encourage the use of the site by everyone in the community.

Next-generation fish farm in Malaysia (interior) (Photo: D. Guggenheim)

The farm is designed to be sustainable economically, culturally and environmentally. Agricultural production will follow sustainable and organic practices, energy will be used efficiently and renewable energy sources employed, water will be managed on site, and waste will be composted. The project builds on a long tradition of productive gardening and farming in the Vietnamese community, and combines it with the entrepreneurial spirit and energy of younger generations.

Integrating an Aquaculture Park within the community offers important benefits, including an environmentally sustainable alternative to fishing, reducing pressure on wild fish stocks while offering employment alternatives for displaced fishers and seafood industry workers; a long-term investment in the community versus a short-term public assistance measure; fostering of community self-sufficiency and independence through the development of an enduring, community-friendly industry with strong growth potential, energy independence, and the ability to withstand future hurricanes, oil spills and other catastrophic events; rich socioeconomic community benefits, including green jobs, opportunities for enterprise investment and innovation, the creation of new markets, etc. Aquaculture also offers important synergies with the Urban Farm, including developing the first U.S. production of Vietnamese value-added seafood products to be marketed to the Asian-American community nationally, production of high-quality hydroponic vegetables utilizing fish farm nitrogen waste, and developing alternative (renewable) energy sources.

Progress

Two community-based workshops are planned for Fall 2010. The first, a community workshop, will draft a Plan of Action for the community that charts a course for the development of a land-based aquaculture industry. This, along with a site visit to Malaysia to assess real-world case studies of next-generation aquaculture in action, will set the stage for a follow-up workshop of socially-responsible investors to be held in December 2010. By early 2011, with the Plan of Action completed and initial funding identified, the Viet Village Urban Farm Sustainable Aquaculture Park can then advance with the completion of a technical feasibility study, followed by construction and implementation. (Parties interested in participating in the Socially-Responsible Investors Workshop, please contact us for additional information.)

Partners

U.S. President Barack Obama and Father Vien Nguyen, Chairman of MQVN CDC at the White House in May 2010 (White House Photo)

This effort is led by Mary Queen of Viet Nam Community Development Corporation (New Orleans East) in collaboration with 1planet1ocean – a project of The Ocean Foundation (Washington, DC). Additional workshop participants and contributors include: Gulf Restoration Network, Food & Water Watch/Association for Sustainable Aquaculture, Marine Ventures Foundation, SOS Marine Conservation Society, TIDEScanada, Aquaculture Developments LLC, Japanese American Citizens League (JACL), Organizations of Chinese Americans (OCA), NOE community fishers and seafood industry workers, and government representatives.

How You Can Help

Please help us create a new future for the Gulf and its communities.Your tax-deductible contribution to The Ocean Foundation, the project’s fiscal sponsor, will result in hands-on work that will directly benefit the Gulf of Mexico and the New Orleans East community through this forward-looking project that is designed to help the community help itself. Individuals, foundations and investment firms interested in participating in our Socially-Responsible Investors Workshop in late 2010, please contact us for additional information.

Additional Information

Download the project brief (PDF)

Gulf Dispatch: Will BP disaster spark move to a new Gulf economy (Facing South – Institute for Southern Studies; June 26, 2010)

Oil Spill Threatens Livelihood of Vietnamese Community (New York Times; May 26, 2010)

Vietnamese Community Leads New Orleans Towards Clean New Industries (Green for All; May 18, 2010)

Documentary: A Village Called Versailles (PBS; May 2010): In a New Orleans neighborhood called Versailles, a tight-knit group of Vietnamese Americans overcame obstacles to rebuild after Hurricane Katrina, only to have their homes threatened by a new government-imposed toxic landfill. A VILLAGE CALLED VERSAILLES is the empowering story of how the Versailles people, who have already suffered so much in their lifetime, turn a devastating disaster into a catalyst for change and a chance for a better future. This powerful documentary was broadcast on PBS in May 2010 as a part of the Independent Lens series.

Featured Project

First Nations' totem art in British Columbia depicting a man with salmon. Representatives from the Canadian First Nations participated in the Vancouver workshop toward the goal of developing a more sustainable salmon industry for the region.

Serious environmental problems from traditional forms of marine finfish aquaculture — especially salmon aquaculture — are well-documented. The use of “net pens” in coastal areas around the world have resulted in local pollution, spread of disease and parasites, and escapement of non-native species. These problems are especially evident in the fjords of British Columbia where dozens of large-scale Atlantic Salmon farms have led to public outcry following the publication of peer-reviewed scientific papers demonstrating that nearby wild salmon populations are becoming infected with “sea lice,” (small parasitic crustaceans) from the captive salmon.

On April 26 and 27, 2010, Simon Fraser University’s Centre for Coastal Studies partnered with Tides Canada and the SOS Marine Conservation Foundation to host a workshop to explore the viability of land-based closed-containment recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Over 60 participants from industry, government, investors, academia, First Nations, and environmental and conservation foundations (including 1planet1ocean, long an advocate for RAS or “next-generation” aquaculture systems) came together to examine the current status closed-containment aquaculture, discuss potential barriers to creating this new growth industry in British Columbia (B.C.) and develop an action plan to aid in moving this industry forward. There is now consensus that it is time to explore this technology further as a mechanism to establish B.C. as a leader in creating a globally renowned, stable and viable aquaculture industry. Already, major Canada food retailer Overwaitea, a participant in the workshop, is sourcing salmon from a small closed-containment system for Coho Salmon in Washington State and indicated during the workshop that it would purchase much more if there were a supply.

A report just released by Canada’s SOS Marine Conservation Foundation concludes that land-based, closed-containment RAS for growing salmon in B.C. would be profitable and could sustain an aquaculture industry that is both sustainable and profitable. RAS systems recirculate their water and have no contact with natural water bodies or wild fish populations and therefore do not create problems of disease, parasites (sea lice) or escapement typical of traditional in-water net pen fish farming. The report demonstrates that closed containment systems can be made even more profitable by growing hydroponic vegetables using excess nitrogen waste from the fish.

On June 7, 2010, Tides Canada, in collaboration with Simon Fraser University’s Centre for Coastal Studies, will be hosting an invitation-only educational workshop (see details below) designed for socially responsible investors to learn more about the technical and economic feasibility of land-based closed-containment salmon aquaculture, the opportunities and challenges, and the initiatives underway to demonstrate this new technology. In addition, input from the investment community is sought to better identify what is required to bring investors together to move this industry forward at a commercial scale.

Learn More:

SOS Marine Conservation Foundation Report: Technologies for Viable Salmon Aquaculture – An Examination of Land-Based Closed Containment Aquaculture by Dr. Andrew S. Wright

Vancouver Sun: Fish Farms Should Be On Land

CBC Radio (Audio) : Dr. Andrew Wright interviewed on BC Almanac (12 May 2010)

Next-Generation Aquaculture: The Future of Fishing on Planet Earth

WORKSHOP ANNOUNCEMENT The Technical and Economic Feasibility of Closed-Containment Salmon Aquaculture: An Educational Workshop for Socially-Responsible Investors June 7, 2010 Vancouver, British Columbia Request an Invitation and Meeting Agenda Invest in Building British Columbia’s New Sustainable Aquaculture Industry Tides Canada, in collaboration with Simon Fraser University’s Centre for Coastal Studies, is hosting an invitation-only educational workshop designed for socially-responsible investors to learn more about the technical and economic feasibility of land-based closed-containment salmon aquaculture, the opportunities and challenges, and the initiatives underway to demonstrate this new technology. Contact Us for More Information

1planet1ocean president, David E. Guggenheim was interviewed by The Green Guide about next-generation aquaculture technologies featuring land-based, recirculating, enclosed systems.

“I’m convinced that land-based recirculating systems are the future of aquaculture.,” states Guggenheim, who also consults to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based Aquaculture Developments, LLC. “These systems are being rapidly embraced in Asia and Europe as cleaner, more secure, and ultimately more profitable solutions. Unfortunately, these systems have been largely overlooked in the United States and the Americas…until now.” Read the National Geographic Green Guide Article…

The Americas are now taking notice of the benefits of next-generation recirculating aquaculture systems, evidenced especially by Canada’s British Columbian legislature committee on sustainable aquaculture which has recommended an end to salmon farming as it is now practiced in Canada’s northwest, requiring that all such facilities convert to land-based, closed recirculating systems within 5 years. Read the CBC Article…

After being nearly ignored for decades, marine conservation issues are increasingly at the forefront of the environmental agenda today, thanks in large part to the report of the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy and subsequent U.S. Ocean Action Plan as well as the results of the independent Pew Oceans Commission, and current actions of the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative. The similarity of the findings of these efforts has been striking, recognizing that urgent steps are required to restore marine ecosystems. Among the most serious problems cited is overfishing and the recognition that U.S. fisheries are increasingly unsustainable and many populations will take decades to recover.

Of course, this trend is not limited to the U.S. and global overfishing is viewed as one of the principal causes of the loss of integrity of marine ecosystems and is considered a major factor in the decline of coral reef communities.

There is increasing recognition that sustainable aquaculture can play a key role in the transition toward safer, more environmentally and economically sustainable seafood production, offering a viable and sustainable alternative to fishing wild stocks and one that can bring strong economic benefits.

Next-generation facility growing barramundi in Malaysia. Such systems are based on land, completely enclosed, recirculate 97-99% of their effluent, and are more than 10 times more efficient than open pond systems. (Photo courtesy of Aquaculture Developments, LLC)

Land-based, next-generation closed-loop recirculating aquaculture systems (represented in the Americas by companies such as Aquaculture Developments, LLC) offer a unique combination of conservation achievements, socioeconomic benefits, and potential for scalability. Such technology could lead the way toward a revolutionary transition of fish production in the U.S., the Americas and the world, leading to the large-scale “domestication” of fish just as has been done for many centuries with terrestrial animals.

Next-generation recirculating aquaculture systems represent a key, if not central part of the solution to meet future demand for protein from the sea while reducing and eventually eliminating the overfishing of wild fish stocks. This is because they excel across a broad range of environmental and socioeconomic issues where other forms of aquaculture fall short:

• Water Pollution: Land-based recirculating systems recycle 97-99% of their water and create virtually no discharge (including nutrients, chemicals) to natural water bodies, either marine or fresh water.

• Coastal Habitat Alteration, Destruction: Unlike coastal systems, especially shrimp farming practices, recirculating systems are inland-based and have no impact on coastal habitats.

• Disease: As a closed system allowing no contact with natural populations, coupled with strict protocols for disease detection, prevention and control, there is virtually no risk of introducing disease to the natural environment from closed-loop recirculating systems.

• Escapement: Again, as a closed system with no contact with natural waters, recirculating systems eliminate risk of farmed populations mixing with wild populations.

• Use of Antibiotics, Chemicals: In accordance with strict operating protocols, no antibiotics or chemicals are used in raising farmed fish in either UNI-Aqua or Fish Protech systems.

• Use of Fish Meal in Feed: Even today’s state-of-the-art aquaculture facilities are unable to completely eliminate fish meal as a dietary component for predatory/piscivorous finfish. This is an issue that will necessarily be resolved over the coming years and is a challenge that affects all forms of aquaculture. However, closed systems have one profound advantage over ponds and other open (flow-through) aquaculture systems in this regard: Tremendous efficiency. Because closed systems exercise complete control over their environment, they realize food conversion efficiencies and growth rates more than 10 times higher than comparable open systems, meaning that less than 1/10th the feed is required per unit of biomass of fish in closed systems. This, of course, means that less than 1/10th of wild-caught fish are needed to supply the fish meal fraction of the feed. Food conversion ratios of less than 0.8 have been demonstrated for barramundi and halibut, among others, in climates ranging from tropical to northern temperate.

• Profitability: Increasingly, the conservation community is aware that sustainable conservation and economics go hand-in-hand. Unless economic benefits can be demonstrated for an environmental solution, serious barriers to implementation will exist. The fact that land-based recirculating systems have demonstrated consistent profitability (and at a significant level of return) in Asia and Europe means that this type of technology has the strongest chance of moving forward.

• Community/Local Benefits/Scalability: Conservation often means helping communities solve problems in their own back yards. Land-based recirculating technologies are scalable, and therefore can be introduced to many different types of communities ranging from rural agricultural to urban brownfields. Helping local communities advance through a sustainable “locally grown” enterprise such as this is a goal that conservationists, business leaders and political leaders share.