Sustaining 90% of Earth’s biodiversity, the ocean environment and its living inhabitants are being steadily destroyed by human activities. Overfishing and mega-trawling have depleted global fish stocks and ripped up the ocean floor. Ocean dumping, toxic runoff from land, plastic debris, oil spills, and carbon emissions have resulted in widespread loss of biodiversity. Large-scale alterations to ocean ecosystems have occurred and more are underway. We urgently need to prevent further ocean degradation and reverse the damage before it is too late.

Forum Chair: Dr. Susan Shaw, FN’07
Moderator: Dr. Sylvia Earle, MED’81
Lecture Series Chair: Anne Doubilet, FR’02
Panelists: Dr. Nancy Knowlton; Dr. David Gallo, FN’90; Dr. David Guggenheim, FN’08; Mr. Jim Fowler, MED’66

The Explorers Club Public Lecture Series: 2nd State of the Oceans Forum
The Explorers Club,
46 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 212-628-8383

December 7, 2009

Reception and ticket sales 6:00 PM, Forum 7:00 – 9:00 PM

7:00 – 7:05 Introductions by Anne Doubilet and Susan Shaw

7:05 – 7:10 Video Clip: Excerpt from Sylvia Earle’s 2009 TED Talk

7:10 – 7:30 Saving the Blue Heart of the Planet — Sylvia Earle
Last February, Dr. Earle made a TED wish to create a campaign igniting public support for a global network of Marine Protected Areas – “hope spots”
to save and restore the planet. The world is responding. Where are we now?

7:30 – 7:45 Confronting the Invisible Threat: Ocean Pollution — Susan Shaw
Huge volumes of toxic chemicals used in consumer products and plastics are polluting our seas, contaminating the ocean food web. Can marine
species be saved? Efforts to stop toxics at the source, clean up sea litter, and develop clean technologies give hope.

7:45 – 8:00 Indicators of Change: Ocean Acidification and the Vanishing Reefs — Nancy Knowlton
Increased CO2 is radically altering ocean chemistry and taking its toll on all forms of life at sea. Already 50% of the world’s coral reefs have disappeared.
Dramatic reduction in carbon emissions and changes in management could help reverse the trend.

8:00 – 8:15 Hope from the Deep: Saving the Ocean Floor — David Gallo
At the bottom of the sea, mining, drilling and trawling threaten the very foundation of the ocean ecosystem. Are new technologies and clean energy
alternatives the solution?

8:15 – 8:30 Ocean Policy and Education: Time for A Sea Change — David Guggenheim
Momentum is mounting in the US and abroad to create the first comprehensive oceans policy, but will it protect the oceans of today? Tomorrow? A
new generation of ocean stewards voice their concerns. Are we listening?

8:30 – 8:40 The Wild Sea — Jim Fowler
The open ocean has long been a place regarded as free – free to travel without bounds, free to take what is there, and free to dispose of what is no
longer wanted. But beneath the surface of the “lawless sea,” basic laws of nature support life on our planet. Now is the time to start obeying them.

8:40 – 9:00 Open Discussion with Panelists

Dr. Sylvia Earle, Explorer/ Medalist ’81, Honorary Director of The Explorers Club, Oceanographer, Author, Sea Change 1995; Defying Oceans End: An Agenda for Action 2004; OCEAN, An Illustrated Atlas 2008; The World Is Blue: How Our Fate and the Ocean’s Are One 2009

Called “Her Deepness” by the New York Times, Sylvia Earle is a world-renowned oceanographer who has been at the frontier
of deep ocean exploration for four decades. Currently the president of the Deep Search Foundation, she has led more than 70
underwater expeditions and set the depth record for solo diving at 3,300 feet. Earle formerly served as chief scientist of NOAA
and has played a key role in establishing marine protected areas worldwide. The recipient of 15 honorary degrees and more
than 100 national and international awards including the 2009 TED Prize, Earle is the inspiration behind the new Ocean in
Google Earth program..

Dr. Susan Shaw, FN ‘07, Doctor of Public Health/ Environmental Scientist, Founder, Marine Environmental Research Institute (MERI)

Environmental toxicologist and public health expert Susan Shaw has spent two decades documenting the effects of man-made chemicals in marine mammals along the North American Pacific and Atlantic coasts. She is credited as the first scientist to reveal that brominated flame-retardants—chemicals widely used in consumer products—are biomagnifying in this US coastal marine food web. Named a Gulf of Maine Visionary and honored by the Maine Legislature for her pioneering investigation, Seals as Sentinels, on the effects of chemical contamination in marine mammals and humans, Dr. Shaw’s research has influenced public health and toxics legislation in the US and abroad.

Dr. Nancy Knowlton, Coral Reef Biologist, Sant Chair in Marine Sciences, Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History

Nancy Knowlton’s research on the ecology and evolution of coral reef organisms in the Caribbean, Central Pacific and Indian Ocean has led to the widespread recognition that past estimates of marine diversity are probably too low by a factor of ten. The founding Director of the Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Dr. Knowlton currently chairs the World Bank’s Targeted Research Program for Coral Reefs and is the principle investigator of the Census of Marine Life’s Coral Reef Initiative. She is an elected fellow and member of the Board of Directors of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and an Aldo Leopold Leadership Fellow.

Dr. David Gallo, FN ’90, Oceanographer, Director of Special Projects at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

One of the first oceanographers to use a combination of submarines and robots to map the undersea world, David Gallo was invited by legendary Titanic-hunter Robert Ballard to join the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1987. As an ambassador of deep-sea exploration, Dr. Gallo works closely with scientists at the forefront of ocean discovery, filmmakers, and media broadcasters including National Geographic and PBS, to reveal the secrets of the deep and communicate the importance of science and engineering to the public. Most recently, Dr. Gallo co-led an exploration of the RMS Titanic and German battleship Bismarck.

Dr. David Guggenheim, FN’08, Marine Biologist/ Educator, Founder, 1planet1ocean; Senior Fellow, The Ocean Foundation

David Guggenheim is a marine scientist, conservation policy specialist, submarine pilot and ocean explorer who recently piloted the first-ever manned submersible dives into the Bering Sea’s largest underwater canyons as scientific advisor to Greenpeace. Previously the vice president for conservation policy at the Ocean Conservancy, Dr. Guggenheim founded 1planet1ocean – a non-profit organization and project of The Ocean Foundation, dedicated to building international partnerships for marine conservation. Also known as the “Ocean Doctor,” he’s currently engaged in an educational expedition across the country and hosts the podcast series ExpeditionCasts.

Jim Fowler, Explorer/Medalist ’66, Honorary Director of The Explorers Club, Zoologist

Television legend Jim Fowler hosted the Emmy-Award winning Mutual of Omaha’s Wild Kingdom from 1963 to 1988 before becoming NBC’s official wildlife correspondent on the Today Show. In 1997 he joined Discovery Communication’s Animal Planet and later launched Jim Fowler’s Life in the Wild in 2000. He has received numerous awards including the Environmental Media Association’s first-ever Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998, and the 2003 Lindbergh Award for 40 years of dedication to wildlife preservation and education.

Sustaining 90% of Earth’s biodiversity, the ocean environment and its living inhabitants are being steadily destroyed by human activities. Overfishing and mega-trawling have depleted global fish stocks and ripped up the ocean floor. Ocean dumping, toxic runoff from land, plastic debris, oil spills, and carbon emissions have resulted in widespread loss of biodiversity. Large-scale alterations to ocean ecosystems have occurred and more are underway. We urgently need to prevent further ocean degradation and reverse the damage before it is too late.

3:00-3:05 Excerpt from the Film Acid Oceans: A Sea Change by Barbara Ettinger
(Niijii Films)

3:05-3:10 Introduction: Dr. Sylvia Earle

3:10 – 3:25 A Blueprint for Sea Change – Dr. Sylvia Earle
Impacts of human enterprise on the world’s oceans will be reviewed including overfishing/ destructive fishing and the impending collapse of major fish stocks. Signs of hope include advances in ocean exploration, networks of marine protected reserves, getting oceans on the public agenda.

3:25 – 3:40 Toxic Seas: Oceans as Sinks and Reservoirs of Pollution – Dr. Susan Shaw
What is the legacy of ocean dumping we must now face? Toxic runoff from land, plastic trash, recurring die-offs of top marine predators, anoxic coastal zones and other events signal chemical contamination of the ocean food web.

3:40 – 3:55 Ocean Acidification, Climate Change, Vanishing Coral Reefs –Dr. Nancy Knowlton
What are the impacts of carbon emissions to the atmosphere and the global ocean environment? Climate change and its effects on ocean chemistry, coral reefs, and biodiversity will be examined.

3:55 – 4:10 Living at the Edge of An Unfamiliar World -Dr. David Gallo
Human impacts on the deep ocean floor and the importance of managing our global ocean resource will be discussed. Is recovery in sight?

4:10 – 4:25 Ocean Conservation/ Education - Dr. David Guggenheim
What is needed from a conservation/ educational perspective to protect ocean resources? Encouraging future generations of ocean stewards is a top priority. Are we hearing their concerns?

4:25 – 4:55 Explorers Call To Action – Dr. Sylvia Earle and Jim Fowler
The concerns presented by the panelists will be open for discussion. A draft philosophy/statement of priority concerns and needed solutions will outline an Explorers Call To Action to raise awareness among policymakers, the world media, and the public.

4:55 – 5:00 Closing Remarks: Dr. Sylvia Earle

Dr. Sylvia Earle, Explorer/ Medalist ’81, Honorary Director of The Explorers Club, Oceanographer, Author, Sea Change 1995; Defying Oceans End: An Agenda for Action 2004; OCEAN, An Illustrated Atlas 2008

Called “Her Deepness” by the New Yorker and the New York Times, “Living Legend” by the Library of Congress and “Hero for the Planet” by Time magazine, Sylvia Earle is a world-renowned oceanographer, explorer, author and lecturer who has been at the frontier of deep ocean exploration for four decades. She has led more than 70 expeditions involving more than 6,000 hours underwater, including leading the first team of women aquanauts during the Tektite Project in 1970 and setting the depth record for solo diving at 3,300 feet. Earle was former chief scientist of NOAA and has played a key role in establishing marine protected areas worldwide. She is president of Deep Search International and chair of the Advisory Council for the Harte Research Institute. She has a Ph.D. from Duke University and 15 honorary degrees. She has authored more than 175 publications, written many books, lectured in more than 60 countries, and appeared in hundreds of television productions. Earle has received more than 100 national and international awards including the 2009 TED Prize. She is the inspiration behind the new Ocean in Google Earth program.

Dr. Susan Shaw, FN ‘07, Doctor of Public Health/ Environmental Scientist, Founder, Marine Environmental Research Institute (MERI)

Susan Shaw is a marine toxicologist, explorer, author, and ocean advocate who has spent two decades documenting the effects of hundreds of man-made toxic chemicals in marine mammals along the North American Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Described as “a modern day Rachel Carson,” she has a passion for understanding large sea mammal wildlife sentinels and how their proximity to people has put them in peril. In 2007 the Maine Legislature honored Shaw for her pioneering work addressing the problem of ocean pollution and its impacts on marine life and humans. She is credited as the first scientist to discover that brominated flame retardant chemicals used in consumer products are bioaccumulating in marine mammals and commercially important marine fishes in the northwest Atlantic, a finding with implications for human health that has influenced legislation in the US and internationally. Named 2007 Gulf of Maine Visionary, Shaw is widely recognized for creating an extensive body of data that places the northwest Atlantic marine ecosystem in a global perspective. She holds an M.F.A. in Film and a Dr.P.H. in Public Health/ Environmental Health Sciences from Columbia University.

Dr. Nancy Knowlton, Coral Reef Biologist, Sant Chair in Marine Sciences, Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History

Nancy Knowlton’s research on the ecology, evolution and conservation of coral reef organisms has taken her to the Caribbean, the Central Pacific, the Indian Ocean, and the west coast of Africa. Her analyses have led to the now widespread recognition that estimates of marine diversity are probably too low by a factor of ten. Knowlton received her PhD at the University of California at Berkeley, and was a professor at Yale University prior to moving to the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama. Later, she joined the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California at San Diego, where she became the founding Director of the Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation. She currently serves on the National Geographic Society’s Committee on Research and Exploration and the Conservation Trust Committee, chairs the World Bank’s Targeted Research Program for Coral Reefs, and is principle investigator of the Census of Marine Life’s Coral Reef Initiative. She is an elected fellow and member of the Board of Directors of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and an Aldo Leopold Leadership Fellow.

Dr. David Gallo, FN ’90, Oceanographer, Director of Special Projects at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

David Gallo holds an M.Sc. degree in Geological Science from the State University of New York at Albany and a Ph.D. in Oceanography from the University of Rhode Island. In 1987 he was invited by Dr. Robert Ballard (discoverer of the wreck of RMS Titanic) to join his team at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution as the Assistant Director of the Center for Marine Exploration. One of the first oceanographers to use a combination of submarines and robots to map the undersea world, he has participated in numerous expeditions to the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, and to the Mediterranean Sea. Gallo is passionate about exploration and discovery and dedicated to communicating the importance of science and engineering to the public. He maintains close working relationships with scientists, filmmakers, and media broadcasters including the Discovery Channel, History Channel, and National Geographic, and PBS. He was instrumental in the development of the JASON PROJECT and is presently involved with the FIRST Robotics Competition, and with the National Underwater Robotics Competition. Gallo has lectured both nationally and internationally to audiences ranging from elementary school children to CEOs, and he has participated in numerous television and radio broadcasts.

Dr. David Guggenheim, FN’08, Marine Biologist/ Educator, Founder, 1planet1ocean; Senior Fellow, The Ocean Foundation

A marine scientist, conservation policy specialist, sub pilot and ocean explorer, Guggenheim is also president of the non-profit organization 1planet1ocean—dedicated to building international partnerships for marine conservation. Known as the “Ocean Doctor” and host of the ExpeditionCasts podcast series, he is currently engaged in an educational expedition to all fifty US states to speak to students about the oceans. He recently served as a scientific advisor to Greenpeace for its expedition to map deepwater corals in the Bering Sea where he piloted the first-ever manned submersible dives into the Bering Sea’s largest underwater canyons. He is working with Aquaculture Developments, LLC to introduce technologies for sustainable aquaculture practices to the Americas. He holds a Ph.D. in Environmental Science and Public Policy from George Mason University in Virginia.

Jim Fowler, Explorer/Medalist ’66, Honorary Director of The Explorers Club, Zoologist

Jim Fowler is a professional zoologist and television legend who hosted the Emmy-Award winning show Mutual of Omaha’s Wild Kingdom from 1963 to 1988. He was the official wildlife correspondent for NBC’s Today Show since 1988. Regularly seen on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, Fowler made forty appearances in total as he brought various wild animals on the show. In 1997, Fowler joined Discovery Communication’s Animal Planet as a wildlife expert and later launched the television program Jim Fowler’s Life in the Wild in 2000. He has received numerous awards including the 1995 Safari Planet Earth Award, the Environmental Media Association’s first-ever Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998, and the 2003 Lindbergh Award for his 40 years of dedication to wildlife preservation and education.